How does alcohol primarily affect the cardiovascular system?

Alcohol primarily affects the cardiovascular system by increasing heart rate and causing blood vessels to dilate. When alcohol is consumed, it acts as a depressant on the central nervous system initially, which can lead to both relaxation and increased heart rate as the body tries to maintain blood flow. The dilation of blood vessels occurs because alcohol can relax the smooth muscles in the blood vessel walls, leading to a wider passage for blood flow. This combination of increased heart rate and vasodilation can temporarily enhance blood flow to the skin and extremities, giving the sensation of warmth.

Understanding this physiological response is important, especially in the context of responsible alcohol service. It highlights how moderate alcohol consumption can lead to short-term changes in the cardiovascular system, which can vary widely among individuals based on factors like tolerance, body weight, and overall health.