What is one major function of the medulla that is affected by alcohol?

The major function of the medulla that is affected by alcohol is its role in regulating breathing and heart rate. The medulla oblongata is part of the brainstem and is responsible for autonomic functions that are vital for survival, including respiratory and cardiovascular control. When alcohol is consumed, it acts as a depressant on the central nervous system, leading to reduced respiratory rate and heart rate. This can result in serious health consequences, particularly in cases of high alcohol consumption, where the risk of respiratory failure increases due to the suppression of these critical functions.

The other options relate to different areas of the body or functions not primarily managed by the medulla. Vision and hearing are largely controlled by other parts of the brain, muscle coordination is managed by the cerebellum, and body temperature regulation is handled by the hypothalamus. Therefore, option B accurately represents a major function of the medulla that is influenced by alcohol consumption.